Researchers in Finland are studying how peatland restoration affects water balance, greenhouse gas emissions, and vegetation. The goal is to raise water levels, restore the natural peatland environment, and enhance carbon storage.

Sensor-Based Measurements and Hydrological Modeling
The University of Oulu is investigating how restoration impacts the water cycle, particularly where water flows when drainage ditches are blocked. It is expected that surface water distribution will become more even, the groundwater level will rise, and greenhouse gas emissions will decrease.
To analyze these effects, wireless sensors are used, including the Decentlab sensor DL-PR26 and DL-ZN1, which enables precise measurements. Additionally, ground-penetrating radar is used to examine peat layer thickness and permeable soil structures. These data feed into hydrological models that predict the long-term effects of restoration on the water system for up to 50 years.

Monitoring Greenhouse Gases and Microbial Processes
The Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Natural Resources Institute Finland measure greenhouse gas fluxes before and after restoration to assess its immediate impact. While water conditions change quickly, vegetation adapts more slowly. Microbial activity is analyzed using advanced sequencing methods to better understand carbon and nitrogen cycle processes.
Simulations are used to create long-term projections, including peat accumulation rates and peatlands' responses to climate change. The research is part of the LIFE PeatCarbon project, funded by the EU and conducted in collaboration with international partners.

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Thanks to Oliver Schilling, University of Basel, for the impressive pictures.